Automatic radio transmitting apparatus



March 14, 1950 E. FENNEssY ErAl. 2,500,8G9

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Patented Mar. 14, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUTOMATIC RADIO TRANSMITTING APPARATUS Edward Fennessy, Orpington, and Graham Estyn Roberts, Stoneleigh, England', assignors'to The Decca Record Company, Limited, London, Enga land. a corporation of Great Britain Application February 19, 1948, Serial No. 9,365

. In Great Britain All ii 129, 1946 -1 s claims. (ci. o- 11) l This invention relates to automatic radio transmitting apparatus, and has particular reference to an emergency transmitting device which may be ejected from an airplane or other mobile vehicle and which operates when so ejected to automatically transmit signals comprising a distress signal and information as to the geographical location of the vehicle at the time the device was ejected therefrom.

One of the principal' dii'nculties encountered in the rescue of passangers and crew of disabled mobile vehicles, and particularly of air.

craft which have made forced landings, is the lack of infomation as to the precise location at which the disaster occurred. Rescue requires quick action which can be had only if the maximum possible rescue forces can be concentrated on the minimum search area.

In case of sudden accidents, the wireless operator often has time to send only the shortest possible message, and in some cases none at all.

liurthermorasuch messages as are transmitted vehicle.

It is another object of this invention to provide a transmitting apparatus of the character set forth in the preceding paragraph which includes means for maintaining thetransmitter aloft for a considerable period of time to insure a lengthy transmission.'

It is a still further object oi' this invention to provide a device of the character set forth herelnbefore which includes a keying device for causing the transmitter to radiate signals comprising in the Morse or other generally understood code a distress signal followed by complete positional data, and to repeatedly transmit the identical message. Y

It is also an object of this invention to provide a device of the character set forth in the preceding paragraph which includes means for presetting the keying mechanism to transmit the appropriate message, the means for presettlng 2 being operated as an incident to the ejection of the apparatus from the vehicle.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from a study of the following specication, read in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

1 is an elevational view illustrating the appearance of the apparatus when it is in use;

Fig; 2 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrat ing the manner in which the device is arranged to be ejected from the. vehicle;

Fig. 3 is a wiring diagram illustratingthe electrical devices and connections employed in the 'control apparatus;

` Fig.' 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of the transmitting apparatus showing the keying mechanism;

Fig.' 5 is a fragmentary elevational view showing a balloon inflation and release apparatus;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 0--8 of Fig. 5;

Fig; 'l represents a printed card which is used in the automatic keying device;

8 is a sectional view showing the arrange- 'ment of a light source and photo-cell used in conjiinction with the card of Fig. 'l in the keying device; I

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a part of the apparatus shown` in Fig. 4 and illustrating the printing device which is used to print a part of the giessageon :the card of Fig. l at the time of ejec- Fig. l0 is afragmentary sectional view taken along the line lll--lll of Fig. 9;

Fig.- ll is a sectional view taken along the line li-I liof Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the relation lbetween the printing elements and the material previouslyprintedon the card of Fig. '1;

Fig. 13 is a chart showing the contact arrange-4 Fig; 15 is a development of the cylindrical drum contact used in the switch shown in Fig. 14;-and

i Figli is a face view of the control panel.

Referring to the drawingathe preferred embodiment of this invention is illustrated as comprising a self-powered radio transmitting apparatus'whichfis enclosed within an airtight and 66 watertight housing i and from which extends a cable or conductor 2 serving as a transmitting antenna. To the upper end of the aerial 2 there is secured a supporting device which is shown in Fig. 1 as comprising a balloon 3 which serves to support the weight of the housing I and conductor 2. Alternatively, the balloon 3 may be supplemented by a parachute and the balloon may be made smaller so as to support only the weight of the conductor 2, o\if desired, a single parachute may be used as the supporting device. In such'case, the housing I must be of such size 2I. The tie wire 2| is passed through a severing device 22 identical to the device 9 described in connection with Fig. 2 and containing the explosive associated with the igniter element I1. Thus, after a suitable delay to allow the housing la to clear the craft, thetie wire 2l is severed to allow the valve 20 to be opened by the pressure Y of the gas within the cylinder I9.

as to Ibe buoyant `so that in the event the apparatus is lowered into the water it will not sink.

When not in use, the balloon 3 is of course uninilated, and the entire mechanism is mounted in the side of the craft in the manner, for example, illustrated in Fig. 2. The side of the craft, shown at 4, is provided with an opening 5 which is just filled by a housing la which contains the housing I, the conductor 2, the supporting device 3, and other instrumentalities described hereinafter. The housing Ia is held in place by means of a tension member 3, such as a length of piano wire, one end of which is secured to the housing Ia and the other end of which is secured to an inner bulkhead or partition 1 of the craft. One or more heavy compression springs 3 interposed between the housing Ia and the bulkhead 1 serve to continuously urge the housing la outwardly against the restraint of the tension member 0.

When it is desired to eject the housing Ia l from the craft, the tension member 6 is severed by a severing device 9. prise a cylinder I0 within which is slidably mounted a piston II. The cylinder I0 is provided with aligned transverse bores I2 through which the wire 6 passes, and the cylinder and piston are made of sufilciently hard material to effectively shear the wire upon movement of the piston past the bores I2. Such movement of the piston is effected by means of a small charge I3 of explosive confined between the piston and the closed end of the cylinder Ill. The explosive charge I3 conveniently takes the form of an electric blasting cap of the delay type which comprises an electric igniter, a delay train, and a small explosive charge. Such caps may be obtained with delay times from energization of the igniter or squib to the firing of the explosive charge ranging from a fraction of a second to a number of seconds. Thus, upon energization of the igniter, a small time delay ensues, after which the explosive charge fires to move the piston II and shear the wire 6. The shearing of the wire 8 releases the housing I and allows the springs 3 to forcibly eject the housing Ia from the craft.

The explosive charge is fired by the navigator of the craft, or other oilicer, as a result of the closing of a switch I4. As is shown in Fig. 3, the switch I4 is connected in circuit with a suitable source of power such as a battery I5, and the igniter element above mentioned (represented in Fig. 3 by the reference character 16). Two

other delay blasting caps, I1 and I3, are con.

This device may comheld in a closed position by means of a tie wire'- The gas thus released flows through a discharge nipple 23, a releasable coupling 24, a check valve 25, and into the balloon 3 which is suitably secured to the check valve 25, thus inflating the balloon. By properly placing the various components within the housing Ia, the inflation of the balloon 3 may be used to push all of the parts out of the housing Ia, thus allowing thetlsiousing Ia to fall away free of the rest of the par The releasable coupling 24 is illustrated in Fig. 6 as comprising a sleeve 26 of rubber or similar material surrounding the nipple 23 and check valve 25. The sleeve 26 is bound tightly by means of a exible metal band 21 which is held in place by means of a tie wire 28. One end of the tie Iwire 23 is firmly fixed as shown at 29 to a severing device 30 (identical to the severing device 9) which in turn is secured to a supporting bracket 3l. The free end of the tie wire 28 is passed around the metal band 21, through the severing device 30, and is secured to a wall 32 of the housing I as by soldering, brazing, or other suitable means. By drawing the tie wire 23 very tight before fixing, the metal band is tightened around the rubber sleeve 26 so as to securely join the nipple 23 to the check valve 25, and the entire assembly is also secured to the housing I.

When the severing device 30 is operated to sever the tie Wire 28, the connection between the check valve 25 and the nipple 23 is broken to free the balloon 3, and the support for the gas bottle I 9 is removed so that the bottle falls freely away from the housing I. In order that this operation may take place after the balloon 3 is fully inflated, the explosive charge for the severing device 30 is provided with the appropriate delay, the igniter I8 therefor being connected in parallel with the igniter I1 as shown in Fig. 3.

To summarize the operation of the apparatus thus far described, it is see'. that as soon as the switch I4 is closed, the igniters IB, I1, and I8 are energized. The severing device 8 associated with the igniter I6 is the first to operate, and in `from the craft in which it is carried. After a suitable delay, the severing device 22 associated with the igniter I1 operates to open the gas valve and cause the balloon 3 to be inflated. When sufficient time has elapsed for the balloon to become fully inflated, and to allow the swelling of the balloon to push off the outer housing I a, the severing device 30 associated with the igniter I8 operates to disconnect the balloon from the gas bottle, and to release the bottle from the transmitter housing. At this time, the balloon rises as far as the antenna cable 2 will permit, the same having been wound on a reel (not shown) or other suitable storage means. At the same time, the gas bottle falls freely from the transmitter housing, so that at the completion of the sequence of operations just described, the parts occupy the positions shown in Fig. 1, and the device is in readiness for the automatic transmitter to start transmitting the distress signals.

The transmitter proper may be of any suitable construction, arranged to operate from'batteries mounted within the housing I, and as such devices are well known. the same is not described herein. However, this invention provides a novel mechanism for causing the transmitterto transmit the desired message. This mechanism is housed within a part of the housing l, as is shown in Fig. 4, and includes a base member 33 upon which the parts may be mounted. An insulating support 34 carries a exible leaf spring 35 upon the end of which is secured a small spring wound clock-work 35, which may comprise an ordinary wrist watch movement. The clock-work 35 is of the type having a sweep-second shaft whip 1 makes one revolution each minute. To this shaft, thereis secured a turntable 31, upon which is placed a printed card 33. The card 33 may be held in place as by means of a spring clip 33a engaging the turntable shaft.

Near the end of the spring 35, there is placed an insulating support 33 from the top of which extends a projection 43 in a position to overlie the end of the spring 35. A short length of fusible wire 4i interconnects the end of the spring 35 with the projection 43 and serves to hold the spring 35 in a stressed or flexed position. To the i underside of the spring 35 there is secured a contact member 42 which is insulated from the spring 35 as by means of an insulator 43. Directly below the contact member 42, a second contact member 44 is mounted upon an insulating support 45, so that when the fusible wire 4l is melted, the spring 35 will deflect its end downwardly to cause the engagement of the contact members 42 and 44.

As is shown in Fig. 3, the fusible wire 4I is connected in parallel with the igniter I5, so as to be fused upon closing of the switch I4. The contacts 42 and 44 are connected as a switch in circuit with the transmitter (represented in Fig. 3 by the rectangle bearing the reference character 46) and its own batteries which are represented at 41. Thus when the switch i4 is closed, the fusible wire 4I is melted, the spring 35 de; ilects downwardly to close the contacts 42-44, and the transmitter is placed in operation. At the same time, the downward movement of the spring 35 draws the turntable 31 out of engagement with a recording assembly 43 (to be described in detail hereinafter) to allow the clock- 50 work 33 to begin the rotation of the turntable 31.

As will be explained hereinafter, the card 33 which is mounted upon the turntable 31 bears certain printed markings which are representative of the message to be transmitted. The markings are translated by means of a photo-electric pick-up 49 which correspondingly keys the transmitter. 'I'he photo-electric pick-up 43 comprises a housing 50 (see Fig. 8) which is divided into two compartments by a central barrier 5I. one of the compartments there is placed a photoelectric cell 52, and in the other there is placed an electric lamp 53. The bottom of the housing 50 is so apertured as to allowa narrow strip of light from the lamp 53 to fall upon the card 33, 35

and to allow the light reflected from the card to enter the photo-electric cell 52. At the same time, the partition 5I `serves to divide the aperture into two slots 54 and 55 so disposed as to prevent light from the lamp 53 directly reaching the photo-electric cell 52. The lamp 53 is connected in parallel with the transmitter power supply so as to be turned on by the closing of the contacts 42-.44. Thus as the card 33 is rotated by the clock-work 33, the amount of light falling on the photo-electric cell 52 is varied in accordance with the printed markings as they pass successively beneath the slots 54 and 55. By means 4of suitable amplifiers and relays. the uctuating output from the photoelectric cell 52 is caused to correspondingly key the transmitter oil and on.

The printed card 33 is illustrated in Fig. l and may comprise a stiif paper card upon one face of which may be printed a series of radial marks extending inwardly from the edge of the disc a short distance. These marks are all of the same length, but vary in width and spacing, as do the elements of the Morse code. The narrow marks such as shown at 53 may have an angular width of 1/2 to represent a dot, and the marks 51 representative of dashes may have a width of 11/2. Dots and dashes are spaced V22 individual complete characters are spaced 1V2, and words are spaced 3 or more. With a disc diameter of 6 inches, the 1/2 width is about 0.025 inch, allowing a slot width for the slots 54 and of about 1/zz of an inch. The card has a capacity of '120 Morse elements, and at the rotational speed of one revolution per minute causes the message to be transmitted at a speed of about 18 words per minute.

Preferably, the message which is printed on the card consists of three parts; i. e. a distress call, the identification of the craft originating the call, and complete positional information. It will be seen that the rst two parts of the message may be printed on the card before it is installed in the apparatus. As will be shown, a part of the positional data may also be printed ahead of time, and amended at the last minute. The markings which are illustrated in Fig, 7 comprise the following message in the International Morse code: SOS SOS SOS de NC42756 latdegminlongglideggmin SOS SOS." The underscored portions are those which are amended at the last minute to correctly state the position of the craft at the time the transmitter is placed in operation.

The amendment of the printed message is effected by the printing or recording device 43 lwhich is shown in Figs. 4, 9, 10, and 11, and which comprises a semi-circular supporting member 53 arranged with a portion 53 overlying the disc 33 and formed integrally with one or more upstanding flange portions 53 by means of which the device 43 is secured tothe walls 3l of the housing i. From the central portion of the support 53, a portion 32 extends inwardly over the card 33 to overlie a locating pin 33 which rises from the 55 turntable 31 and passes through a hole 54 in the Inno card 33. The upp'er end of the pin 53 is received in a shallow depression 53'formed in the under side of the extension 52 and thus serves to hold the turntable against rotation and in an indexed position until the fusible wire 4l is melted to allow the turntable to move downwardly a distance suillcient to withdraw the pin from the depression. The pin 53 also cooperates with similar pins 55 and 31 carried by the turntable 31 and passing through holes 33 and 33 in the card y33 to index the position of the card relative to the turntable, andtherefore also with respect to the printing device 43.

At circumferential positions around the overlying portion 53 corresponding to the locations and radially and preferably molded into the inof the underscored portions of the quoted message, the support 53 carries a plurality of contact members or recording electrodes 13. These members comprise fiat strips of metal placed ilatwise aroooo sulating material of which the support 88 is made. The center to center spacing of the members corresponds to the width of a Morse dot printed on the card (in the specific example described, the members,18 would be spaced 0.025 inch), and have a circumferential thickness only slightly less, so as to leave a space between adjacent members ranging from 0.005 to 0.008 inch. In some cases, as will be explained with reference to Fig. 12, certain of the members 10 have a thickness corresponding to the width of two Morse dots, while others have a thickness corresponding to a Morse dash. The under edge surfaces of allof the members 10 are caused to lie in the same plane, and are preferably formed as shown in Fig. 10 to give them vertical compliance, so that when the turntable 31 is in its upper position as shown in Fig 4, the card 38 will be held in intimate contact with the turntable and with all of the members 10.

The card 38 is preferably made from chemically treated paper of any of the well known types having the property of being permanently marked by applying a suitable electrical potential to electrodes placed on opposite sides of the paper. Such papers are commonly used in remote writing and facsimile apparatus. Thus by applying a suitable potential between the turntable 31 and selected ones of the members 10 just before the apparatus is ejected from the craft, additional marks may be printed on the card.

The selecting circuits are shown in Fig. 3, the arrangement of the switches on the control panel is shown in Fig. 16, and the relation between each of the printing electrodes 10 and the material previously printed on the card 38 is shown in Fig. 12. The control panel, represented at 1I in Fig. 16, may be located as desired in the craft and connection made with wires to the apparatus enclosed within the housing l. tions are broken at suitable plug and jack connectors 12 (Fig. 3) at the time the housing I is ejected. 'I'he first variable part of the message is either N" or S to indicate north or south latitude. The appropriate letter is selected by a switch 13 which is connected in a circuit 14 between the switch Il and one of the recording electrodes 10. Since the S is already printed on the card 38, the switch 13 is o in the S" position, and on in the N position.

As is shown at (a) in Fig. 12, the recording electrode 18 is located between the first two dots of the Morse S, so that when energized, a mark is made on the card 38 which completely fills the space between the two dots so as to form a dash and thus convert the printed S to the Morse N. To convert each of the printed 5s occurring just before the degrees notation deg," into the appropriate numerals, thirteen recording electrodes are used (twelve narrow and one double width), spaced with reference to the tlve printed dots as shown at (b) in Fig. 12. The chart comprising Fig. 13 shows the electrodes which must be energized to convert the printed five into each of the other numbers. For example, to convert the five into a four, electrodes five and six are energized to triple the width of the last dot into a dash. There are thus required six selector switches, each capable of connecting the load side of the switch il to each of the nine combinations of thrteen outgoing conductors represented in Fig. 13. The six switches required are represented in the drawings at 15, 18, 11, 18, 19, and l0, and correspond to the numerals in the tens and units columns oi degrees and the tens column of minutes for each of latitude and longitude.

These connec- Another pair of such selectors could be used for the units columns of minutes, but since it is felt that giving the position to the nearest five minutes is sufficiently accurate, this has been done in order to somewhat simplify the apparatus, as will be made evident hereinafter.

The selector switches 15"-88 may be of any suitable type, but a preference is expressed for the simple form of construction which is illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15. The switch shown in these figures comprises a supporting frame 8l within which is rotatably mounted a drum 82. The drum 8-2 provides an arrangement of electrically conductive and noni-conductive areas such as is represented by the development shown in Fig. 15. Above the drum 82 there is mounted an insulating brush holder 83 which supports thirteen brushes 84 spaced uniformly along the length of the drum 82. The switch may be made very small, using a drum diameter of about 1/4 inch and a brush diameter of nl, inch. The insulating areas of the drum may be formed on a drum made of copper or similar material by first etching the copper cylinder with a pattern such as is shown in Fig. 15, and then filling the etched areas with a suitable plastic insulating material. After molding, the excess insulating material may be turned off to expose the conductive areas.

The arrangement of recording electrodes for converting the printed ilve in the units columns of the minutes category is shown at (c) in Fig. 12. While five electrodes are required, these are all connected together. Switches 85 and 86 are provided on the control panel and are connected in circuit between the switch Il and thc appropriate groups of recording electrodes as represented at 81 and 88 in Fig. 3. Since the 5 is already printed on the card, the oif positions of the switches 85 and 86 are so marked, and the on positions are marked 0.

As the numeral in the hundreds column of the degrees longitude category must either be one or zero, only one electrode is required to convert the printed one to a zero, the electrode being placed as shown at (d) in Fig. 12. A switch 88 is provided on the control panel and connected in a circuit 90 between the switch Il and the recording electrode shown at (d) in Fig. 12. The off position of the switch is marked "1 as this numeral is already printed 'on the card 38, and the on position is marked 0.

The E notation for east longitude is printed on the card 38, and may be converted to a W" for west longitude by means of a pair of interconnected recording electrodes spaced as shown at e) in Fig. l2. These electrodes are connected by a circuit 9| to a switch 92 provided on the control panel and connected to the switch I4. The on position of the switch 92 is marked E and the on position is marked "W.

In operating the apparatus, it is of course necessary for the operator to know the position of the craft in terms of latitude and longitude. To save time and in the interests of preparedness, the navigator would ordinarily reset the switches on the control panel each time the position of the craft were determined, so that only slight changes would be required at the time oi an accident. While the invention has been described with reference to preferably transmitting positional information in terms of latitude and longitude because oi' its universality, it falls within the scope of this invention to transmit numerals representative of the position of the craft in any other coordinate system; i. e. such as is estab- 9 lished by any of the known forms of radio navigational aids. At the time of an accident, the operator of the apparatus merely assures Vhi'rnself that the dials and switches on the control panel correctly represent the last known position of the craft, and then closes the switch N.

The closing of the switchcauses the printed message on the card to be amended to correctly state the position as represented by the switch positions, the apparatus to be elected from the craft, the balloon to be inflated, the balloon to be released and the gas bottle dropped, and the transmitter to be placed in operation. The transmitter will then continue to operate so long as the batteries last, a period of an hour or more.

The invention has been described with reference to manually setting the switches on the control panel to correspondence with the known position of the craft. As will be understood by those skilled in this art, the switch settings may be effected automatically inthose cases where the craft carries a radio navigational aid oi' the type where the coordinate position of the craft is indicated on meters, merely by connecting the meters to the switch operators through suitable torque multiplying apparatus.

In the foregoing there has been described an automatic transmitting apparatus which functions upon initiation to continuously transmit a distress signal followed by complete positional data. Attention is particularly directed to the automatic sequential operation which reduces the operators duties to merely checking the indicated position and throwing a switch. Attention is also called to the unique way in which the transmitter is keyed to send a message which is not finally composed until the instant the apparatus isejected from the craft.

While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown and described herein, the same is not to be limited to the described details of construction, except as defined in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In an automatic transmitter to be carried by a mobile vehicle, the combination of: a housing containing a self-powered radio transmitter; a container of gas under pressure; a normally deflated balloon; a first releasable means connecting said balloon to said container and securing said container to said housing; a normally open valve means between said container and said balloon; a second releasable means for holding said valve closed; manually operable means in said vehicle for ejecting said housing, container and balloon from said vehicle; and a pair of time delay means connected to be initiated by operation of said manually operable means `and operable after a time delay to releaseln timed sequence said second and said first releasable means.

2. In an automatic transmitter to be carried by a mobile vehicle, the combination of: a housing containing` a self-powered radio transmitter; a container of gas under pressure; a normally ldeflated balloon; a nrst releasable meansvcon- 'i necting said balloon to said container and securing said container to said housing; a normally open valve means between said container and' said balloon; a second releasable means for holding said valve closed; manuallyoperable means in said vehicle for ejecting said housing, container and balloon from said vehicle; a pair of timel delay means connected to be initiated by operation of said manually operable means and l0 operable after a tinie' delay to' release in timed sequence said second and said first releasable means; and switch means operated by said manually operable means for placing said transmitter in operation.

3. In an automatic transmitter to be carried by a mobile vehicle, the combination of: a housing containing a self-powered radio transmitter; a transmitting antenna conductor connected to said housing; means for holding said antenna aloft after ejection of said housing from said vehicle; a recording medium having recorded thereon a predetermined portion of a message to be transmitted; means for recording on said recording medium the remaining portion of said message; translation means for reproducing the material recorded on said recording medium; means4 for coupling said translation means to said transmitter for causing said transmitter to radiate signals representative of the message recorded on said recording medium; control means for ejecting said housing from said vehicle; andmeans operated by said control means for actuating said recording means.

4. In an automatic transmitter to be carried by a mobile vehicle, the combination of: a housing containing a self-powered radio transmitter; a transmitting antenna conductor connected to said housing; means for holding said antenna aloft after ejection oi' said housing from said vehicle; a recording medium bearing indicia representative of the Morse code translation of a predetermined portion of a message to be transmitted; recording means for recording on said medium additional indicia representative of the Morse code translation of the remaining portion of said message; means for moving said recording medium; a photoelectric pick-up adjacent said medium for translating said indicia' into corresponding variations of an electric current;

keying means connecting said pick-up to said transmitter; control means for ejecting said housing from said vehicle; and means operated by said control means for actuating said recording means.

5. In an automatic transmitter to be carried by a mobile vehicle, the combination of: a housing containing a self-powered radio transmitter; a transmitting antenna conductor connected to said housing; means for holding said antenna aloft after ejection of said housing from saidvehicle; a recording medium bearing indicia representative of the Morse code translation oi a predetermined portion of a message to be transmitted; a plurality of recording elements each independently operable upon energization to record additional indicia on said recording medium; means for moving said recording medium; a photo-electric pick-up adjacent said medium for translating -said indicia into corresponding variations of an electric current; keying means connecting said pick-up to said transmitter; control means for ejecting said housing from said vehicle; selector means for preselecting any of a plurality of combinations of said recording elements to4 be energized, each of said combinations corresponding to Morse code translations of different ones of a plurality of predetermined remaining portions of said message; and means operated by said control means for energizing those of said recording elements selected by said selector means.

EDWARD FENNESBY. GRAHAM ESIYN ROBERTS.

(References on following page) REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Winstanley, Jr Dec. 12, 1922 Paulson Dec. 15, 1931 Number 12 Name Date Finch Nov. 10, 1936 Ellis Mar. 7, 1939 Lustneld June 29, 1943 Friedman Aug. 31, 1943 Kohn Nov. 29, 1945 Mead May 24, 1949 Camp June 14. 1949 

